Spatial analysis of air pollution in suspended particles and heavy elements in urban centers in Wasit Governorate
Abstract
The research aims to assess air pollution in suspended particles and heavy elements in urban centers (qada'a centers) in Wasit Governorate and to indicate their environmental impacts, since the district centers include more than (82.8%) of the urban population and (49.8%) of the total population of the governorate as well. For the concentration of most human activities and administrative institutions in it. Where (40) sites were identified to measure the concentrations of air pollutants, which varied in their characteristics and the uses of the land in them, as they were classified between sites or stations (residential, industrial, commercial, traffic, mixed, agricultural) distributed in urban centers and on their outskirts, which are (11) sites in Al Kut headquarters, (7) sites in the neighborhood headquarters, (7) sites in the square in Essaouira, (6) sites in the headquarters of Al Numaniya, (5) sites in the headquarters of Al Azizia, and (4) sites in M. Badra. The research included measuring the concentrations of suspended particles TSP and some of the associated heavy elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Fe) as well as the secondary pollutants represented by (NO3, SO4 and their spatial and temporal variation and comparing them with the permissible local and global environmental determinants. And that is during January and July of 2019.
Accordingly, the measurement results showed a rise in the concentrations of these pollutants exceeding the environmental determinants in most of the measurement sites, especially during the summer season, as the research revealed the high concentrations of suspended particles TSP and the heavy elements associated with them above the standard limits at all sites, due to the high temperatures and wind speed, which helps to raise the dust. . In addition, the research revealed that the highest concentrations were recorded in industrial and traffic sites. As for the level of urban centers, the study showed high concentrations of pollutants from suspended particles and heavy elements associated with them in general in the district of Kut, as it represents the center of the governorate and its population weight, in addition to the concentration of most of the pollutant activities in it.
In order to monitor the trends of air pollution in the study area and their spatial and temporal variation and their spatial variability, the air pollutants whose concentrations were measured by the color gradient maps and for the summer and winter seasons were represented by using GIS techniques Arc Gis 10.7 and through the method of inverse distance insertion IDW, to show the spatial and temporal changes of these pollutants and highlight the most important Sites where pollutants are concentrated.
Moreover, the research confirmed that the high concentrations of air pollutants in urban centers are caused by human activities such as factories, electric power plants and oil fields, as well as the frequent use of electric power generators scattered in residential neighborhoods, blacksmithing workshops and garbage incineration operations, and the increase in the number of cars and motorcycles and the multiple pollutants they throw out. In addition to the effect of weather factors on the behavior of these pollutants through their role in concentrating, dispersing, settling and transferring dusty air pollutants .
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