The pattern of Parental Assistance (Dependency - Independence) of the Superior Students
Abstract
All living creatures take care of their young and meet all their needs, as well as train them in the skills necessary to adapt to the requirements of their environment. The human being, the most adaptive creature on this planet, undertakes the task of rising up and preparing his children to learn and acquire the skills necessary for life. Education is one of the most important qualifications for individuals to be able to use it in their lives and achieve their well-being. Parents provide assistance to their children in many areas from birth until they reach school age, and this help and support continues in educational activities and homework that contribute to the development of their school skills and help them become independent from the help and assistance of others..
The current research aims at identify the pattern of the help that parents provide to their children (dependency - independency) and the possible differences between gender. A sample of 200 male and female superior students was chosen, and the researcher built a scale for this purpose according to Joyce Epstein's theorizing. Where the scale consists of (20) items, (10) of them measure dependency domain, while the other (10) items measure independence domain..
References
- Berger, E.H. (2008). Parents as partners in education. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- Bloom. (1997).parenting our school .Canada: Little, Brown and Company.
- Cooper, C. E. (2010). Family poverty, school-based parental involvement, and policy- focused protective factors in kindergarten. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25(4), 480-492.
- Cooper, H. (2001)The battle over homework: Common ground for administrators,teachers and parents. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
- Cooper, H. Lindsay,J. J. and Nye, B. (2000) Homework in the home: How student , family and parenting- style differnces relate to the homework process. Contemparary Educational Psychology ,25,464-487.
- Đurišić, Maša and Bunijevac , Mila (2017) Parental Involvement as a Important Factor for Successful Education.
- Edwards, & Rosalind. (2002). children, home, and school: Regulation, autonomy for connection. London: Routedge Falmer.
- Epstein, J. (2001). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools. Boulder, CO: Westview.
- Epstein, J. L., Sanders, M. G., Simon, B. S., Salinas, K. C., Jansorn, N. R., & Van Voorhis, F. L. (2002). School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action. (2nd ed.). ThousandOaks, CA: Corwin.
- Epstein, J.L. (2009). In School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action (3rd ed.). USA: Corwin Press.
- Ganai, M. Y. & Mir, Muhammad A. (2013) A comparative study of adolescent and academic achievement of college students, http\www.wyno academicjournals.org\edu- research. html.
- Henderson, A., & Berla, N. (1994). A new generation of evidence: The family is critical to student achievement. Columbia, MD: National Committee for Citizens in Education.
- Ibn Makram, Abu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din Muhammad (Ibn Manzur) (2003), Lisan al-Arab, vol.4, Dar Sader, Beirut..
- Jeynes,W. H. (2007) The relationship between parental involvement and urban secondary school student academic achievement : A meta-analysis. Urban Education, 42(1), 82-110.
- Joshi, Sh. & Srivasstava, R. (2009) Self-esteem and Academic Achievement of Adolescents, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, Vol. 35, 33- 39.
-Lee, J.-S., & Bowen , N. (2006). Parental Involvemnt ,Cultural Capital and theAchievement Gap Among Elementary School Children. American EducationalResearch Jonural, 43(2), 193-218.
- MALULEKE, S.G.(2014) PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN THEIR CHILDREN’S EDUCATION IN THE VHEMBE DISTRICT: LIMPOPO, http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/18814/dissertation_maluleke_sg.pdf,sequence=1.
- Meyer, Bill; Haywood, Naomi; Sachdev, Darshan and Faraday, Sally (2008) What is independent learning and what are the benefits for students? , London: Department for Children, Schools and Families Research Report 051, 2008.
- Nye, C. at al 2006.Approaches to parental Involvement for improving the Academic Performance of Elementary School Age Children.
- Saliba, Jameel (2013) The Philosophical Dictionary, Part 1, Lebanese Book House, Beirut.
- Sheldon, S. B. (2009). In School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action. (3rd ed.). USA: Corwin Press.
- Sanders, M. G. & Sheldon, S. B. (2009). Principals matter: A guide to school, family, and community partnerships. Corwin: A SAGE Company.
- Seginer,R. (2006) Parents educational involvement : A developmental ecology perspective. Parenting: Science and Practice,6(1) ,1-48.
- Steinmayr,Ricarda, Anja Meibner, Anne F. Weidinger, Linda Wirthwein (2014)Oxford Bibliographies, http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com.
- Swap, S.M. (1993). Developing home-school partnerships: From concepts to practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
- Tam, Vicky C and Chan, Raymond Mow Chiu (2009) Parental Involvement in Primary Children's Homework in Hong Kong, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255670382_Parental_Involvement_in_Primary_Children's_Homework_in_Hong_Kong
- Thartori, Voltisa (2019) Parental Involvement in Education Among Albanian Parents, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334119824.
- Vellymalay ,Suresh Kumar N (2012) Parental Involvement at Home: Analyzing the Influence of Parents’ Socioeconomic Status , Studies in Sociology of Science.
- Worrell,F.C.,Gabelko,N.H., Roth, D.& Samuels,L.K.(1999) parents reports on homework amount and problems in academically talented elementary students. Gifted Child Quarterly,43(2),86-94
Copyright (c) 2021 Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Humanities Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1. The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Humanities scinces (QJHS), University of Al-Qadisiyah as publisher of the journal.
2. Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. , will be allowed only with a written permission from Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Humanities scinces (QJHS), University of Al-Qadisiyah.
3. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Humanities scinces (QJHS) , University of Al-Qadisiyah, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the journal Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Humanities scinces (QJHS), University of Al-Qadisiyah are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.
